- created by congress to function beneath the Supreme court
- not required in the constitution
District Courts
- handle more than 350,000 cases a year
- 84 district courts
- 12 judicial districts
multi-judge panels - more than one judge to hear a case
FISA - Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
Alien Terrorist Removal court - removes alien terrorists
District courts have either civil or criminal cases
Most decisions made here are final (start here, end here)
Court of appeals - handles all appealed cases - each has 6-28 judges
Court of International Trade - federal trial court - only tries civil cases that arise out of nations customs and other trade related laws.
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